加国移民快速通道为谁人敞开？

联邦移民部将从明年1月1日推行新的快速通道计划。该项移民新政将给予已从加拿大雇主处获得工作聘书的申请人最高优先权。但是，这项新政也引发了担忧。据一名知名移民律师称，由于新政缺乏透明度和问责制，人们无从知晓将会有多少中国申请人获批移民加国。

CIC will launch a new Express Entry system starting Jan. 1. It is a new point system where candidates with job offer from a Canadian employer will be given highest priority. However, the new system sparks concerns. According to a prominent immigration lawyer, it is impossible to know how many people from China will be accepted by the system, as the system lacks transparency and accountability.

据移民部称，该项移民新政—快速通道将以更快和更具弹性的方式确保加拿大劳动力市场的人力空缺通过移民系统得到填补。按照新政，在雇主未能找到合适加拿大人填补空缺职位时，快速通道会让技术移民填补职位空缺。

According to CIC, Express Entry program is a faster and more flexible way to ensure that Canada’s labour market needs can be met through immigration system.  Skilled immigrants will be matched with vacant jobs where there are no available Canadian workers.

快速通道计划的运作方式

How does it work?

潜在候选人将根据个人的技能和资历，包括语言能力、教育和加拿大工作经验等创建他们的个人资料。那些符合联邦技术移民（FSW）、联邦熟练技工移民(FST)、经验类移民（CEC）标准，或获得省提名（PNP）的申请人，都将纳入快速通道人才库。

Potential candidates will create an Express Entry profile based on their skills and qualifications – including language proficiency, education, and Canadian work experience. Those who meet the criteria of the programs-- the Federal Skilled Worker program (FSW), the Federal Skilled Trade program (FST), the Canadian Experience Class (CEC), or through a Provincial Nomination Program (PNP) will be accepted into a candidate pool.

没有获得工作聘书的申请人需要在加拿大就业资料库登记，加拿大雇主可以在那里寻找合格候选人填补职位空缺。

Applications without a job offer are required to register with Canada Job Bank, where Canadian employers can search for qualified candidates to meet their labour needs.

快速通道计划的申请人将根据综合计分系统(Comprehensive Ranking System)进行计分排名，总分为1200分。如果申请人已从加拿大雇主处获得永久工作聘书，或是得到省或地区移民项目提名，则可以获得600分。而年龄、教育水平、语言能力和加拿大工作经验等“人力资本因素”最高可得500分；将受教育程度、外国工作经验和技能专业证书等合并在一起考虑的“技能可转移因素”，最高可得100分。

Candidates will be ranked against others in the pool using a point-based system. Points are awarded using the information in their profile. Skilled immigrants will receive up to 1,200 points based on factors in two other categories: 600 points will be given to those who receive a permanent job offer from a Canadian employer or who have been nominated for immigration by a province or territory. A maximum of 500 points will be allotted for human capital factors such as age, education level, language proficiency and work experience in Canada.

其中，在受教育程度一项上，拥有相当于博士学位的申请人可得满分150分，而高中文凭的申请人则只能得30分。在年龄一项上，只有20 至29岁年龄组可获得满分110分，而17岁及以下或45岁及以上的申请人年龄项得分为零分。

Similarly, an applicant with the equivalent of a PhD will receive 150 points, whereas those with a high school diploma will only receive 30 points. A maximum of 110 points will be allotted for age. Only those aged 20 to 29 will receive 110 points, while those aged 17 and under or 45 and over will obtain zero points.

在评分后，移民部将向得分最高的候选人发出申请邀请（ITA），并会在6个月内完成移民申请的审批。但合格的申请者还必须证明自身有足够的资金可以养活自己和家人，同时还必须接受健康检查和安全背景检查。

Candidates with the highest scores in the pool will be issued an Invitation to Apply.

After an individual has received an invitation, the CIC will process these applications within six months. Successful applicants will also have to undergo health exams and security checks.

据CBC称，在2015年加拿大将为大约6.5万至7.5万名技术移民提供永久居留权，其中4.7万至5.1万名是来自联邦技术移民项目和联邦熟练技工移民项目的组合；有2.1万至2.3万名是来自经验类移民项目。此外，还有4.6万至4.8万名技术工人将通过省提名计划获得永久居留权。

According to CBC, about 65,000 to 75,000 skilled workers will be offered permanent residency in 2015 under one of three categories: 47,000 to 51,000 will come through the federal skilled worker class and the federal skilled trade’s class combined. 21,000 to 23,000 skilled workers through the Canadian experience class. An additional 46,000 to 48,000 skilled workers will receive permanent residency through the provincial nominee program under express entry, the government said.

新政缺乏透明度

Lack of transparency

但是，该项移民新政的评分系统引发了担忧。例如对候选人的申请邀请并没有设定门槛。

However, there are concerns over the new point system. For instance, there is no threshold for candidate invitation.

知名移民律师李克伦（Richard Kurland）就对新系统缺乏透明度表示担忧。他表示，在新政生效后，联邦政府将获得更多的自由裁量权，可以决定哪些候选人能够通过快速通道获得加国永久居留权，而不是本着目前的先到先服务的原则处理移民申请。

Prominent immigration lawyer Richard Kurland is concerned about the lack of openness. Kurland said the government will in effect have full control in picking the winners and losers rather than processing applications on a first-come, first-served basis — as is the case now.

李克伦同时表示：“虽然政府值得尝试，但该项移民新政的设计缺陷在于其缺乏透明度、监督或问责制。因此在这一系统下，政治干预则在所难免。

"It is worth a try, but the design flaw is there is no transparency, oversight, or accountability for the operation of the new system. It is a recipe for political interference."

“由此导致的结果就是政府在任何情况下都有自己的理由，而你却永远不会知道申请人或邀请或是被拒的理由。”

"The result can be justified in any case, but you will never know why one identically qualified person was selected over another."

目前很难预测将有多少中国申请人能够通过快速通道移民加拿大。李克伦在发给《大中报》的一封电邮中称：“快速通道计划让你无从知晓，因为其没有问责制，也没有办法进行验证。”

It is difficult to get a picture of how many candidates from China will be accepted to Canada under the Express Entry system.“The EE system does not let you know. There is no accountability, no verification,”  said Richard Kurlandin an email to Chinese News.