政选中的肮脏手段（二）： 政党掌控提名候选人
Dirty election tricks in the nomination process
来源: Bob Mok
编者按：选举本应自由、公平和透明。但是，竞选中一些见不得人的肮脏伎俩和手段却有可能腐蚀政治体制，削弱公众信心。Bob Mok的独家专栏文章揭露了过去大选中的种种竞选手段，这些伎俩从竞选提名就有了。
Editor’s Note: Election process is expected to be free, fair and transparent. However, dirty tricks and tactics are the dark side of politics that threaten to corrupt Canadian political system and erode public confidence. Bob Mok‘ exclusive column exposes a series of past campaign schemes – starting from the nomination race.
本篇文章将继续介绍各政党是采用哪些政治手段让他们所“青睐”的候选人赢得提名的。读者要看以前的文章，请点击http://chinesenewsgroup.com/news/661355
This is a follow-up article to political tactics used by all parties to get their “preferred” nominees to get successfully elected as a candidate. For the earlier article, seehttp://chinesenewsgroup.com/news/661355
首先，我要再次声明我对所有政党一视同仁，不带任何偏见。本文中所述的情况可能在某个政党身上发生过，也可能没有。文中所述的事件如与当前的一个事件雷同或相像，那纯属巧合，读者不能将本文所描述的事件和读者所遇到的事件挂钩。
Once again, I must state that my research here is generic to all political parties without prejudice and may or may not have happened to any of the parties at one time or another. Any similarity and approximation to current events are co-incidental and must not be construed as a description of these events.
为了在选区内大幅增加党员，不少聪明人发明了以下雕虫小技。我们知道，单一的公寓楼地址用于登记一名或多名已经居住此楼中的党员，但许多没有住在此楼的人也常常会用这些地址进行党员登记，不过他们在登记时不会填写公寓房间号码。这与过去爆出的香港选举丑闻如出一辙。尽管这种方法简单高效，但一旦东窗事发，后果便十分严重，每次都会有数十人卷入其中。
To create huge number of members in a riding, some geniuses created the following trick. Using the address of a single apartment building where one or more members reside, they added Non-resident members to this address but left out the apartment numbers. This is very similar to what was reported in Hong Kong elections. Although this method is easy and efficient, the results can be devastating once it is exposed and investigated as it involved tens of people each time.
尽管现任议员几乎无一例外地可以直接跳过党内提名流程，直接代表该党在自己的选区内与其他党竞争席位，但有一个选区却出现了例外情况。我们无从得知这位现任议员为何没有跳过党内提名流程。但是，最终他幸运地赢得了提名。或许他藉此证明有许多党员支持他留在自己的选区代表他们参选。但很显然，他的党是想用这种手段铲除他。
Almost without exceptions, incumbents seating in legislatures are not required to go through the nomination process. However, an exception was made in one riding and we cannot figure out why the incumbent went through with that. He was fortunate to win in that nomination contest. Maybe he was trying to show the party that he has the backing of party members to stay in that riding and represent them in the election. Obviously, it is a ploy to get rid of him.
赢得选区提名早在提名投票日就已经开始了。一些雄心勃勃的候选人会让自己的亲信进入选区党员协会，并占据协会的要职。同时设法在选区内形成投票规模，确保大多数党员投己一票。如此一来，他们便可以操纵选区各类委员会及其竞选活动安排，以让受“青睐”的候选人占据优势。
Winning the nomination in a riding starts long before the nomination day. Ambitious nominees will arrange to vote their own people into riding association executive board positions and form a majority voting bloc within the riding. That way, they can manipulate committees and their activities to provide advantages for the “preferred” nominee.
在各个选区内，与提名有关的，包括设定候选人申请截止日期、审核候选人资格、确定提名投票日以及向党员发送有关通知的事，均由候选人选拔委员会负责。
Within each riding, the candidate selection committee is in charged with running the nomination event including the setting of the candidate application deadlines, approval of nominee applications, choosing of the nomination date and sending notifications to members for these events.
通过玩弄候选人提交申请截止日期，有些候选人眼睁睁的看到自己被淘汰了。即使在电子通讯发达的今天，选区委员会可能仍然使用普通邮件通知候选人哪一天为申请参选的截止日期。问题是，等到那些候选人拿到通知时，可能离申请截止期只差一天了。他们绝对没法在截止日前收集足够的签字和填写好众多的文件。因此，他们的名字永远也不会出现在选票上。有时候，这甚至会导致在提名日只有一名“有资格”的提名人参选，然后被理所当然地成为候选人。
There is a trick to get rid of some candidates by using the application deadline. A riding committee may use postal mail instead of email to inform all candidates about the deadline of the application for the nomination. When the mail arrives, unwanted candidates may just have one day left to file application documents, they are never going to collect enough signatures and complete the application forms before the deadline. Therefore, they cannot get their name on the slate of nominees on the ballots. Sometimes, this trick will result in only one “approved” nominee who will be simply “acclaimed” as the candidate on Nomination day.
党魁也可以通过技术手段或是与自己政见不同的候选人。否决候选人申请的技术手段包括宣布在选区候选人申请表上背书的党员身份无效或过期。他们可以将成为党员的有效期改变，使得那些没有及时入党的人失去参加候选人投票的资格，从而使得那些对他们看中的候选人的强有力的“对手”淘汰。
Party leaders can eliminate some nominees through technical or ideological disqualification. Applications can be rejected on technicalities such as invalid or expired memberships held by riding nominators who signed on the nomination application. The deadline for signing up new qualifying memberships can also be moved back to a point before strong “opponent” nominees started their membership recruiting campaigns to render them invalid.
党魁还可以通过中间人向一些候选人“传达”政党的意愿，以说服他们退出角逐。当然，所有这些活动都是私下和秘密的进行。在所有手段都不能让那些他们看不上的候选人参选的话，政党会挑选选出一名“备受推崇”的明星候选人，而其他候选人则会识相地迅速退出选战。
Nominees can be encouraged to “withdraw” through intermediaries “conveying” the party's desire. All these activities will be discreet and secret. When all else fails, a candidate will be selected by the party and “acclaimed” without opposition and all other nominees suddenly withdraw from the contests.
为了确保“明星”候选人进入议会，尤其是在补选的情况下，只要觉得有“必要”，政党有时也会从选区外空降一名候选人参加选区竞选。为了避免公众对指定候选人的行为反感，政党在通过上述一些手段铲除其他强有力的候选人后，会要求另一个弱势候选人上演一出选举秀。
Parachuting a nominee from outside of the riding is deemed “necessary” by political parties from time to time in order to put a “Star” candidate into parliament, particularly with by elections. To avoid the public outrage of an appointment, another weak nominee will be requested to run and put on a show while all other strong nominees are eliminated through some of the methods above.
下一次，我们将继续介绍政客用于操纵提名票选的策略及手段。
Next time, we will continue with strategies and methods levered by politicians on Nomination Day.
Next time, we will continue with strategies and methods levered by politicians on Nomination Day.
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