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至今还无法看到加拿大大麻合法后的前景

The problems we face after legalizing marijuana in Canada
来源: Bob Mok

 
2018年10月17日,加拿大将成为世界上第二个吸大麻消遣合法的国家 。另一个国家是乌拉圭。现在让我们看一下这一转变将对我们有哪些直接影响。

On October 17, 2018 Canada will be the second country in the world to legalize the recreational use of cannabis (Marijuana) - the other country being Uruguay. Let us now look at some of the issues that will affect us directly.
 
今年春季和夏季,面对吸大麻和种植大麻的合法化,各个共管公寓大楼都在忙于更新公寓管理规则和附则。许多公寓业主担心有人会在公寓里种大麻。种植大麻的湿度会影响到自己的公寓单元。他们担心,如果其他的共管公寓不让吸大麻和种大麻,公寓买家就会选择那他们,而自己的公寓价格就会下降。

Over the Spring and Summer, Condominium Corporations were busy making up RULES and By-laws to deal with the legalization of smoking and cultivation of recreation marijuana. Many condominium owners are concerned about potential humidity issues in their building associated with the growing of marijuana. They also worried that the value of their properties will drop when buyers pass over them to select others where controls are in-place.

 
经过多次接触和敦促,我所住公寓的董事会抛出了一系列有关“吸和种植大麻”的规则。通过禁止在公寓内吸烟,雪茄,烟斗或含烟草、大麻或毒品,这些规定等于禁止在公寓内吸大麻。电子烟和香烟雾化器也同时被禁止。

After much prompting and prodding, the Board of Directors in my condominium came out with a set of rules covering “smoking and cannabis growing”. Through the banning of smoking of any lighted cigarette, cigar, pipe, or other product containing any amount of tobacco or cannabis or illegal substance, this blanket coverage effectively ban the smoking of marijuana. Electronic smoking and vaping devices are also banned at the same time.
 
任何已经在公寓里居住的吸烟者都要向公寓管理公司“注册”,以获得在自己的单位内吸烟的许可。从现在开始,新搬进公寓的人将不会享受这个条件。公寓大楼将禁止种植大麻。如果有人需要大麻治病,他/她必须将医疗文件在公寓管理公司备案。只有在没有替代品的情况下才允许在自己单元内种植药用大麻,而这些替代品包括来自那些有政府种植许可的大麻商。

Any existing tobacco smokers are allowed to “register” themselves with the condominium management to receive permission to smoke tobacco within their own units. This permission will not be extended to any new occupants from now on. There will be no cultivation of marijuana within the condominium buildings. An exemption is made for medicinal marijuana provided that medical documents are submitted to the Condominium management.  Growing of medicinal marijuana is only permitted if no alternatives are available. Such alternatives include the growing of plants using commercial growers authorized by the patient's permit.

 
安大略省的大多数公寓大楼在制定规则和附则时都采用了类似的规定。他们不想等到10月17日才开始执行这些政策。虽然单元业主收到公寓管理部门的书面通知,但大多数业主并未被告知他们需要将这些政策传达给他们的租客。房东要为自己的租客因不遵守任何共管公寓规定而导致公寓经济和财产的损失负责。

Most of the Condominium Corporations in Ontario are taking the similar approach when making their rules and by-laws. They do not want to wait till October 17 to start enforcing these controls. While they receive the written notices from the condominium management, most owners are not advised of the need to communicate these controls to their tenants. The owners are directly responsible for any financial repercussions resulting from non-compliance to any condominium regulations.

最近在参加一项社区活动时,我与负责执行大麻法的警官进行了交谈。该警官向我确认,当他们怀疑一名司机在吸大麻后驾车,他们将采集司机的唾液,并使用安装于警车内的仪器进行测试。根据新法,未通过路边毒品测试不会构成刑事犯罪,但司机会被带回警察局,并进行一个有12个步骤的复检,最终进行的血液测试需要一个小时才能完成。

Recently, I also have an opportunity to speak to a police officer involved with the enforcement of cannabis laws while attending one of the community events. The officer confirmed to me that a swab will be used when they suspect that a driver is driving under the influence of cannabis. Saliva from the lining of the mouth are collected and for testing using a sniffing machine located inside a police vehicle. Failing a roadside drug test won't be a criminal offence under the new law, but it will kick off a 12-step process back at the police station that culminates in a blood test and takes up to an hour to complete.

 
我还向该警官询问了食品中大麻含量的问题。目前的规定是450克(约1磅)的食品中最多含有不超过30克的干大麻。至于450克食物中允许使用多少大麻现在还不清楚。显然,除非大麻重量超限,警方还不打算估计或扣押用大麻制成的食品。在2018年10月17日大麻法生效大约一年后,大麻食用产品和浓缩物才能合法销售。

I also inquired about the problems involved with determining the amount of cannabis within edible food products. The current possession limit is 30 grams of dried cannabis which is equivalent to 450 grams (about one pound) of edible food products. Just exactly what quantity of marijuana is used in the production of the 450 grams of food is unclear. Apparently, the police is not ready to estimate or impound the edible food products made with marijuana unless the weight limit is exceeded. Cannabis edible products and concentrates will be legal for sale approximately one year after the Cannabis Act has come into force on October 17th, 2018.

随着使用消遣大麻合法化日期的临近,我感到警方尚未准备好并有信心执法。而且已经批准使用的大麻测试仪在寒冷天气下的可靠性存在疑问 。制造商称该仪器在4到40摄氏度之间会正常工作。但 “分析毒理学杂志” 去年冬天发表的一项研究显示,该仪器在挪威使用时在显示阴性和阳性时出错。

It would appear that as the legalization date for the use of recreational cannabis is drawing near, the police is not ready and confident to enforce the law. There are questions about the approved tester's reliability in cold weather — the manufacturer says its recommended operating range is between four and 40 degrees Celsius. A study published last winter in the Journal of Analytical Toxicology, based on the use of the device in Norway, raised concerns about a significant number of false-positive and false-negative results.

 
一旦大麻测试得以实施,许多人将去法庭挑战测试结果。许多警察将不得不出庭而浪费时间,而这些时间本来是可以上街执勤的宝贵资源。当大麻食用产品明年合法化时,执法方面将出现更多问题。我们至今还无法看到加拿大娱消遣大麻合法化的前景!

As soon as the drug tests are implemented, there will be plenty of challenges in court that will tie up many police officers – a valuable resource that can be better utilized on the streets. When Cannabis edible products are legalized next year, more problems will surface with regard to law enforcement. There is no light at the end of the tunnel for the legalization of recreational marijuana in Canada!
 
 

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