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中英对照:“模范族裔”之偏见是反亚裔浪潮的导火索

The model minority myth is a direct cause of anti-Asian crimes
来源: 大中报 南茜(Nancy Jin)
 
 
几十年来,在北美的亚裔群体一直被冠以“模范族裔”的帽子。在这种神话偏见之下,亚裔似乎倍显强于其他有色族裔的优势,他们工作勤奋,坚韧不拔,理财精明,且较少暴力倾向,也很少会给他人带来安全威胁。他们渴望融入北美文化,执着地追寻着北美梦。他们普遍教育程度高,收入水平强,不仅收获于就业领域,还成就于精英职场。
 
For decades, racial myths have shrouded the Asian ethnic group, which perceives Asians as “model minorities”. Under the implicit bias lens, Asians exhibit advantages over other communities of color. They seem hard-working, studious, and money-wise, being less violent and non-threatening. They have strong educational attainment, are economically successful in the labor markets, and high achievers in elite careers. They are the North American dream pursuers, eager to adopt the North American cultural identity.

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但对亚裔这种正面性的种族偏见会直接导致对亚裔仇恨情绪,也是掀起当前反亚裔浪潮的直接原因之一。过去一年中,美国大约发生了3800起攻击亚裔人士的案件,最为恐怖的为近期亚特兰大杀害多名亚裔妇女案。而在加拿大本土,暴力袭击亚裔案件也不断上升。一份来自亚裔利益倡导组织的报告显示,在疫情期间,加国发生了1000多起种族仇恨驱使的袭击亚裔案件,其攻击形式从向受害者吐痰到武力袭击老人和儿童不等。
 
But the positive racial stereotype might be the direct cause for anti-Asian bias, fueling the growing hate crimes against Asians. Nearly 3800 incidents have occurred in the US over the past year, with the mass killing of Asian women in Atlanta being the most deadly incident. Soaring trends of hate crimes have also emerged on Canadian soil. A new report from an advocacy group has revealed over 1000 cases of racially motivated attacks across the country during the pandemic, from spitting at victims to physically assaulting against seniors and children.

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亚裔的所谓成功引起当地社区的不满,使其成为嫉恨和仇视的族裔目标。历史上在19世纪初期,西海岸许多城市排斥被视为抢夺劳工市场的中国劳工,而在当今时代,包括媒体和学术界在内的主流社会也将由于创记录的低利率,低房源导致的温哥华和多伦多房价的飙升归罪于大陆移民。同时,就在美国的教育平权运动却愈演愈烈之际,亚裔看似在教育领域的成功也使他们成为加国大学不受欢迎的族裔。
 
Asians' perceived success has drawn the ire from the local community, rendering the group the target of envy and resentment. Historically in the 1900s, many cities on the West Coast rejected migrant workers from China seen as strong competitors in the labor market. In modern times, mainstream society --including media and academia have accused of Asians driving up home prices in Vancouver and Toronto, while the real culprit was the historically low-interest rate and housing supply. Meanwhile, Asians' seemingly education success has made them an unwelcome race for Canadian universities, while affirmative action south of the border gained traction.



这种族裔偏见还会使亚裔永远处于孤立地位,被视为带着固有的文化和社会烙印的外来户而无法从根本上融入北美社会。一些无辜的亚裔人士常常在美加视为间谍,在北美亚裔被指控犯有间谍罪的比率是其他族裔的两倍。同时,亚裔还常常被卷入来源国和移民国之间的政治漩涡之中。虽然穆斯林和犹太裔往往不会受到来源国发生的恶性事件牵连,亚裔人士却要为其来源国政府的不良行径背黑锅。当将亚裔视为新冠病毒的始作俑者和传播者的 “中国病毒” 之说猖獗之际,一夜之间,“模范族裔”变成了“黄祸”。
 
The stereotype also keeps Asians as perpetual outliers, seen as forever socially and culturally inassimilable into North American society. Asians face higher risks to be wrongfully accused of spies in the US, as the rate of innocent Asians facing espionage charges is twice as high as other races. Meanwhile, Asians are more likely than other races to get caught up in their hometown and their adopted country's political tensions. While Muslims and Jewish are largely spared from adverse events in their country of origin, Asians seem somewhat associated with their government's wrongdoing. The "model minority" has turned into the yellow peril as the bigoted China virus slur goes viral, identifying the ethnic group as the covid-19's generator and super spreader.
 
但更让人不安的是,这种“模范族裔”的偏见对有着“白人至上”之理念根源的国家中存在的族裔联盟带来威胁。这种亚裔的优势幻觉让许多亚裔人士更向往与白人结盟,并与被视为“劣等族裔”的黑人反目。一些歧视黑人的亚裔人士认为,在警方手下惨死的乔治•弗洛伊德是一名彻头彻尾的罪犯,不值得同情且死有余辜。
 
But more disturbingly, the model minority narrative has done more damage to the racial community alliance in white supremacy rooted countries. The superiority illusion has prompted many Asians to ally with whites while putting them at odds with the "inferior group," the blacks. Anti-black racisms led some Asians to believe that George Floyd was a criminal and his tragic death at the police's hand did not deserve public sympathy.

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亚裔是一个高度分化的社区,亚裔之间的财富和收入差距为所有族裔群体之首,其所谓优势之说远非能代表整个亚裔群体。尽管许多亚裔人士获得了经济上的成功,但许多人仍被困于社会底层,甚至难以维持生计。以某种独特的族裔视角来看待整个亚裔群体是错误的,会给亚裔社区造成伤害。在反亚裔浪潮风涌的今天,那些“优势”亚裔人士应该持有族裔平等和正义之理念,团结其他有色族裔,并彻底摒弃模范族裔之偏见。
 
Asians are a highly diverse community, and the perceived advantages are far from universal. The gap in wealth and income among Asians is the widest among all racial groups. While some Asians enjoy economic success, many others are stuck at the bottom, struggling to make ends meet. Putting all Asians under a unique racial lens is distorting and harmful. Amidst the growing anti-Asian resentment, the "advantaged" Asians must embrace racial equality and justice, seek common ground with the community of color, and stop reinforcing the harmful model minority narrative. 
 

     

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