中英对照：辉瑞，莫德纳，阿斯利康疫苗都管用并能救命

 

 

面对辉瑞，莫德纳，阿斯利康的新冠疫苗，我应该选择打哪个？在过去的一个半月中，朋友们多次问我这个问题。在发现自己在指定的地点打其中一种疫苗时，许多人取消了预约，不打了。有些人排了一个小时的队后，被告知要打其中一个疫苗时，他们干脆拒绝打。

 

Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca – which Covid-19 vaccine should I pick? This is a question that has been asked many times of me by my friends over the last month and a half. Many cancelled the vaccination appointment once they found out which vaccine will be administered at their designated location. Some waited for an hour in line for the injection and backed out at the last minute when they were told which vaccine they were getting.

 

为了回答以上的问题，我上网研究，并咨询我的两个孩子（他们均为生物学家）。本文结尾处，我将给你他们的答案。你也许对他们的答案感到惊奇。

 

To get the answer, I did my own research on the Internet and followed up with questioning my two children (both scientists in Biology). I will give you their surprising answers at the end of this article.

 

打疫苗的目的是训练人体识别，并对引起疾病的原体（例如病毒或细菌）产生的蛋白质做出反应。传统疫苗是由小剂量的导致生病的原体或蛋白质组成，或非活化病毒组成。进入人体的疫苗会激发人的免疫系统而防止生病。

 

Vaccines work by training the body to recognize and respond to the proteins produced by disease-causing organisms, such as a virus or bacteria. Traditional vaccines are made up of small or inactivated doses of the whole disease-causing organism, or the proteins that it produces, which are introduced into the body to provoke the immune system into mounting a response.

 

辉瑞和莫德纳疫苗采用的是mRna技术。该技术首次用于疫苗生产。与传统的非活化病毒技术相比，mRNA疫苗会让人体自身产生对抗病毒的蛋白。辉瑞和莫德纳疫苗通过使用mRNA来指导人体细胞产生与新型冠状病毒相似的蛋白，从而让人体免疫系统识别并攻击新冠病毒。

 

Two of the above vaccines (Pfizer and Moderna) are Messanger Ribonucleic acid (mRna) based inventions – a new technology used in vaccine creation for the very first time. Such mRNA vaccines, in contrast to the traditional Inactivated virus technique, trick the body into producing some of the viral proteins itself. They work by using mRNA, or messenger RNA to instruct cells to make proteins that mirror part of the novel coronavirus. That teaches the immune system to recognize and attack the actual virus.

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阿斯利康没有使用mRNA技术，用的是一种无害的感冒病毒（来自黑猩猩）作为疫苗载体，激发人体免疫系统攻击新冠病毒。

 

AstraZeneca uses a harmless version of a cold virus (from the chimpanzee) instead of the mRNA as a vector to give our cells the instructions they need to make the coronavirus's spike protein.

 

在比较这三种疫苗时，我使用的标准是：功效，副作用和已知的疫苗问题。要想比较各个疫苗的功效，我们得用安慰剂或对照组中发生感染的人数与打了新冠疫苗后的染病人数进行对比，并得出结论。辉瑞和莫德纳疫苗的功效最高，约为95％。阿斯利康的功效在70％。这些功效均是在打了两针疫苗后的结果。

 

The parameters I used when comparing the vaccines are: Efficacy, Side-effects, and known issues. Efficacy measures how many vaccinated people contract COVID-19 compared with how many infections occur in the placebo or control group and come up with an effectiveness rating. The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines have the highest efficacy at around 95 per cent. Lower efficacy in the 70 per cent range, was found for AstraZeneca. These figures represent the expected efficacy after 2 doses are taken.

 

最近的研究显示，在打完第一针疫苗的两周后，辉瑞和莫德纳疫苗降低了80％的新冠病毒感染风险。阿斯利康为63.9％。我们需要明白的是，打疫苗是防止染上新冠病毒后所造成的严重后果，而不是停止传播病毒。因此，刚打完疫苗的人仍有可能被新冠病毒感染。即使这些疫苗不能100％有效地防止症状疾病的发生，但它通常会降低这些疾病所造成的危害。

 

Recent scientific studies showed that Pfizer and Moderna reduced the risk of infection by 80 % two weeks or more after the first of two shots. AstraZeneca studies showed a 63.9% efficacy after the first dose. We must remember that the vaccine trials were based on preventing severe outcomes of COVID-19, rather than stopping transmission so it is possible for someone who had their first dose could still become infected with COVID-19. Even if the vaccines are not 100% effective against preventing symptomatic disease, it typically has efficacy in preventing the most severe outcomes.

 

疫苗的副作用是你的身体在保护自己的正常现象。这些副作用可能会影响日常生活，但几天后症状就会消失。有些人根本不会感到任何副作用。打完以上这三种疫苗后都会发生一点肌痛，疲劳，头痛，包括打针部位的局部发红，压痛或肿胀。疫苗的大多数副作用都不严重，打完后的几天之内自行消失。疫苗可能会出现更严重或更长的副作用，但这样的例子极为罕见。

 

Side effects from COVID-19 shots are normal signs that your body is building protection. These side effects may affect your ability to do daily activities, but they should go away in a few days. Some people have no side effects. A little bit of myalgia, fatigue, headache and then injection site reactions, like localized redness, tenderness or swelling are common with all these three vaccines. Most reactions to vaccines are mild and go away within a few days on their own. More serious or long-lasting side effects to vaccines are possible but extremely rare.

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医生们指出，打完莫德纳疫苗后，打针部位出现一周的反应延迟很常见。这很可能是一个好的兆头，表明你的身体对该疫苗产生了非常好的免疫反应。我和那些打了辉瑞疫苗的人在打完后的8小时内会感到打针部位的反应。纵观对这三种疫苗副作用的研究结果，它们之间的副作用没有明显区别。

 

According to Doctors, delayed injection site reactions with the Moderna vaccine are common about a week after vaccination, it probably is a great sign that the body is mounting a really good immune response to the vaccine. For myself and others who had Pfizer injections, we experience injection site reactions within 8 hours of receiving the vaccine. When looking at the studies on side-effects, there are no significant differences amongst the three vaccines.

 

本周，加拿大的魁北克省出现了第一例与阿斯利康疫苗有关的血栓病例。到目前为止，魁省已经给18.5万人打了阿斯利康疫苗。血液专家，传染病专家和药品监管机构指出，该疫苗产生血栓的风险远低于感染新冠病毒。如果及时发现，血栓是可以医治的。欧洲和英国上周的记录显示，在打了3400万支阿斯利康疫苗后，仅出现了222例血栓病例。加拿大卫生部表示，凭借其掌握的各种信息，阿斯利康疫苗的益处超过其风险，尤其是当疫苗引起血栓的风险小于十万分之一时。

 

This week, Canada reported its first case of vaccine-induced blood clots linked to AstraZeneca. Quebec has given out 185,000 doses of AstraZeneca so far, and this is the first and only blood clot report. Blood specialists, infectious disease experts and the drug regulators say the risk of blood clots is vastly lower from the vaccines than from COVID-19 itself. The syndrome is treatable if caught. Last week, Europe and the United Kingdom reported 222 cases of blood clots out of more than 34 million shots given. Health Canada said with all the information it has, the benefits of the vaccine continue to outweigh its risks, particularly as the risk of a vaccine-induced clot is less than one in 100,000.

 

到此为止，我们审查了以上三种疫苗的所有问题。至此，你决定打哪种疫苗了吗？由于疫苗供货系统不时出问题，你可能无法打到你想打的疫苗。安省三月份从渥太华拿到了50万支阿斯利康疫苗。由于这批疫苗的有效期快到了，政府大力宣传，期望人们在当地药房打此疫苗。目前，大多数疫苗中心只配备辉瑞或莫德纳疫苗。

 

Now that we have examined all the facts, can you decide which one of the vaccines you would prefer? Due to the very unstable vaccine distribution system, it is not always possible to know which vaccine you will be getting. In Ontario, the receipt of 500,000 doses of AstraZeneca in Canada in March with fast approaching expiry dates caused a massive campaign to have people vaccinated at local pharmacies with that vaccine. Currently, most vaccination centres are supplied with either Pfizer or Moderna.

 

最后，我要分享一下我家里的两个科学家对打何种疫苗的答案。他们的回答是：“只要有货，以上三种疫苗中的任何一个都管用”。因此，当以上三种疫苗经过医疗机构的临床测试和批准时，打哪一个疫苗就不重要了。 新冠病毒可能会导致危及生命的并发症，并且没有办法预测你染上新冠病毒后的结果。另外，如果你染上，你会将病毒传播给你的朋友，家人和周围的人。越早打疫苗，我们就会更快的免遭新冠病毒的伤害，并早日恢复正常的生活。

 

Now, for the answer from scientists within my family – “Take any available vaccine”. It is not important to choose one over another when they are all clinically tested and approved by the proper medical authorities. COVID-19 can have serious, life-threatening complications and there is no way to know how COVID-19 will affect you. And if you get sick, you could spread the disease to friends, family, and others around you. The sooner you get vaccinated, the quicker our society can be fully immunized against COVID-19 and return to normalcy.