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中英对照:“驱逐租客法案”都有哪些细节?

Some highlights in Ontario “Eviction Bill”
来源: Bob Mok



这是关于安大略省准备实施的184号法案的第二篇文章。租客将该法案称为“驱逐租客法案”。对于这一话题的第一篇文章,请单击:http://chinesenewsgroup.com/news/669749。
This is the second article on the new Bill 184 about to become law in Ontario. It is also dubbed the “Eviction Bill” by tenants. For the previous article, please click: http://chinesenewsgroup.com/news/669749

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安大略省政府表示,184号法案,也称《保护租客和加强社区住房法》是为了“加强了对租客的保护,使房东和租客的纠纷更加容易解决。”但是,该法案似乎并不能让房东与租客满意。

Bill 184 - Protecting Tenants and Strengthening Community Housing Act supposedly “strengthen protections for tenants and make it easier to resolve landlord and tenant disputes.”, according to the Ontario Provincial Government. However, the bill seems to have satisfied nobody on either side of the landlord-tenant divide.

184号法案与7月底恢复房东可以驱逐租客,8月重房东和租客委员会恢复开庭时提出的时机巧合。这意味着新冠病毒还在威胁人们的健康,但房东可以开始从8月开始驱逐租客。

Bill 184 coincides with the lifting of the eviction moratorium at the end of July and re-opening of the Landlord and Tenant Board (LTB) in August. This means that evictions, and their enforcement, will resume in August while the pandemic still poses a threat to the health of Ontarians.

通过让房东和租客签订一个所欠租金的还款协议,新法案意图加快租客驱逐流程。根据新法案,房东可以在未经事先批准的情况下向租客提交一个“不同意就走人”的还款计划。如果租客违约,新法允许房东在不经过听证或通知租客的情况下寻求驱逐令。

The first changes to the existing eviction process involve the fast-tracking of it via repayment agreements. Under the new Bill, a landlord can give a tenant (without prior consent) a take-it-or-leave-it repayment plan and includes a clause that permits the landlord to seek an eviction order without a hearing or notice if the tenant breaches the agreement.



当然,新法也规定租客不需要签署任何他们不理解或负担不起的还款协议。租客还有权向房东提出自己的还款计划,前提是租客可以按自己的收入确保还款计划能够实现。如果房东和租客不能就合理的还款计划达成协议,如何还款将由房东和租客委员会裁决。在听证会上,审判官将考虑房东向租客提出的还款计划是否公平和可行,租客要解释为什么他们认为房东的还款计划不公平或不可行。

Of course, a tenant is not required to sign anything they do not understand or cannot afford. Tenants also have the right to present their own repayment plan to the landlord with terms they are confident they can meet on their income. If the landlord and tenant cannot agree on a reasonable repayment plan, the matter will be heard at the LTB. At the hearing, the adjudicator will consider whether the landlord's proposed repayment plan for the tenant is fair and workable. A tenant can explain why they felt it was not fair or feasible for them to sign it.

随后,如果租客由于没有执行还款协议,收到房东驱逐令的租客有10天的时间要求撤销驱逐令,并委员会听取他们解释还款违约的原因。

Later on, if a tenant receives an eviction order in the mail (due to failure to comply with the agreed repayment plan), they have 10 days to file a Motion to Set Aside the eviction order and request a hearing at the Landlord and Tenant Board (LTB) to explain their circumstances.



新的变化还将允许房东在租客搬出出租单元后的12个月之内将租客告上房东和租客委员会,而不用去小额法庭。在旧的做法中,租客委员会认定房东去委员会之前已经将租客告上小额法庭。这种做法会让租客不知道自己被告上房东与租客委员会而错过委员会的听证会。许多租客错过了委员会的听证会,最终面对小额法庭的赔偿裁决。

The new changes will also direct landlords to bring a former tenant to the LTB up to 12 months after a tenant vacates the unit, instead of taking them to the Small Claims Court. In the past, the LTB entrusts the landlord to notify the tenant of the Small Claims Court application and hearing. In other words, a former tenant may not know there is a proceeding against them at the LTB and may fail to attend the hearing. Many tenants missed the LTB hearings and ended up facing enforcement orders from the Small Claims Court.

新的改革包括根据《住宅租赁法》(RTA)第82条,租客必须提前书面通知房东他们为什么要拖欠租金。如果租客没有提供书面通知,租客要向房东和租客委员会作出解释。如果委员会不愿意口头听取租客在听证会上陈述理由,租客则必须重新以书面方式向房东提出自己的理由。

Tenants are now required to provide advance written notice to their landlord to inform them of the tenant issues they plan to raise at rental arrears hearings under section 82 of the Residential Tenancies Act (RTA). Tenants who do not provide notice will need to explain to the Board why they failed to provide the landlord with advance written notice of their issues. If the LTB bars the tenant from raising their identified issues at the hearing, a tenant would have to file their own tenant application against the landlord if they wanted to raise these issues.



法案184规定,如果租客在加租后的12个月内未对加租提出异议,加租就既成事实,属于合法。这意味着,如果租客在支付了该租金的12个月后得知其房租涨价是违法的,他们将无法再对涨价提出异议,因为房租被视为合法。租客应仔细阅读他们的租金上涨通知。

Bill 184 allows for an illegal rent increase to be deemed legal if the tenant does not challenge it within 12 months of the increase. This means if the tenant learns that their rent increase was illegal after the 12 months of paying that rent amount, they are no longer able to dispute the increase because the rent is deemed to be legal. Tenants should carefully read their Notice of Rent Increase.

房东必须在租金上涨生效前90天通知租客。受租金管制的租客应查阅年度租金指南,并确认房东正确计算了租金涨幅。如果通知不正确,则租客无需支付租金增加。如果租客在开始支付新的租金金额后发现错误,他们可以向委员会提出申请,要求房东退还多付的租金。

The landlord must give tenants 90 days notice before the rent increase takes effect. Tenants in rent regulated units should look up the annual rent guideline and confirm the landlord calculated the rent increase correctly. If the notice is incorrect a tenant does not have to pay the rent increase. If a tenant discovers an error after starting to pay the new rent amount, they can bring an application to the LTB to have the funds returned.

下一篇我将继续探讨184号法案对房东和租客的影响。同样,我们将看看为何房东和租客对这项新法规都不满意的原因。

We will continue next time and finish identifying the Bill 184 changes that will affect landlords and tenants. As well, we will explore the reasons why landlords and tenants are both unhappy about this new legislation.


    

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